《Introduction to Cosmology》(Barbara Ryden, 2nd ed.)是专为本科生设计的宇宙学入门教材,被美国多所高校列为必读。
第6章详细讨论宇宙的三种可能几何形态(平坦、开放、闭合),并强调:
“A closed universe has finite volume but no edges—traveling far enough in one direction could bring you back to your starting point.”
(闭合宇宙体积有限但无边缘——沿一个方向行进足够远,可能回到起点。)